. There is a widely shared view that its essence should be poverty alleviation and distributive Justice oriented economic transformation. The financial reward obtained from participation in production activity is the main way that individuals are able to participate in Evaluations of development programs and plans over the past two decades indicate that little change can be achieved in developing societies through single purpose policy interventions and that diversified and integrated programs aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and dispersing . It is the mechanism by which planning affects most people and, arguably, could be said to have its most direct effects. In chapter 2; L. Js Cary emphasizes three distinctive features of the community approach: (1) popular or broad-based participation, (2) community as Rural Development in India • Stage 1- Pre Independence era (1866- 1947) • Stage 2- Post Independence era (1947-1953) • Stage 3- Community Development and Extension Service era (1953 - 1960) • Stage 4- Intensive Agricultural Development . It attaches supreme importance to moral values and gives primacy to moral values over material conditions. His current work focuses on developing a narrative approach to the study of community change. Six approaches to community development are presented by several authors in this booklet. Without a holistic approach to development . xi) Gandhian Approach and its current relevance: 1.Broad Front Approach: Community Development and Panchayat Raj were often described as *Broad-front' or 'Multipronged* development strategies as they aimed at development of villages covering all the major spheres like Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Rural Industries, Communication, Health, Education, Women Welfare and Social Welfare(Desai . Specific techniques are used to encourage greater involvement among people and to enable them to take the leading role in . is the central theme of the "enabling rural innovation" (ERI) approach for rural development. in the future. In this way, it draws the best from the conceptual work of researchers and the practical work of policy makers and statisticians. 'Development control is the cutting edge of the land use planning system. There is a widely shared view that its essence should be poverty alleviation and distributive Justice oriented economic transformation. 2. Rapid rural appraisal, participatory rural appraisal and aquaculture. IFAD (2010) Introduction. Gives an overview of the four approaches to community development. development practitioners, and policy-makers. Development in these areas should have an open feel and incorporate rural characteristics, especially for new development that abuts existing rural development. Rural institutions such as banks and co-operatives can also play a vital role in rural development. In this way, grassroots development can help community's lead happy, healthy and prosperous lives that they value and have reason to value. Territorial and sector approaches in rural development policies in the EU and Latin America: Objectives, design and delivery systems Elena Saraceno The territorial approach in agricultural and rural policies, an international review Inea-Rimisp conference Rome, 4th-5th November 2010 Since independence, the government of Tanzania has proclaimed the development of the rural sector the cornerstone of the country's development strategy. workforce, a broader approach to rural development and the role of farming in the process, including policies to diversify income sources, may be needed. His interests include community growth and change, social theory, and community development. Starting in the mid-1980s, Many people, including Harriss in 1982, viewed this concern as a distinctive feature of the study and pursuit of rural development, setting it apart from traditional approaches to development - the latter were mostly . It is a process, which aims at improving the well being and self realization of people living outside the urbanized areas through collective process. RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PLANNING LECTURE NOTES BRAIMA M KOROMA Institute of Geography and Development Studies School of Environmental Science Njala University JUNE 2014 Page | 1 ENVDEV. Meaning of Rural Sociology: India is basically a land of villages. Generally, each one provides an out- But what does this new entry into the development lexicon actually mean? development going forward all include elements of integration, such as layered financing, joint development, shared accountability, or coordinated services. Targeting of development programs and allocation of and eligibility of funds from the programs and depends on how rural areas are classified. Agricultural produce has to be priced in such a manner that the farmers enjoy adequate returns. " Top down" "trickle down" Approach Proponents of the "trickle down" approach would argue that richer individuals and larger companies are the driving force behind economic growth. This article throws light upon the top five year plans in rural development planning of India. For example, the " whole farm extension approach, integrated agricultural development approach, and training and visit approach " were more prevalent in the 1980s and 1990s (NASEP, 2012, p. iv). Tanzania, like many developing countries has its share of problems associated with developing its rural sector where the majority of its population lives. "Ecosystem Approach" 1983 . This report is the result of the Group's efforts. Rural Development in India. The first requires a strong, forwardlooking policy favouring agricultural extension and communication for agricultural and non-agricultural rural development with a focus on food security. 1. An enormous amount of resources has been expended on providing sanitation facilities, yet still over 2.5 billion people do not have access to basic sanitation services (whO/Unicef - JMp, 2008). Chapter 1 presents an introduction to the community development concept. Theoretically, Gandhian approach to rural development may be labelled as 'idealist'. It provides some background to the This is testified by the Planning Commission's estimate for 2011-12 that 25.7 per cent of the rural population was living below the poverty line (Rs 816 per capita per month for rural areas) while for urban areas . It attaches supreme importance to moral values and gives primacy to moral values over material conditions. Community Development (CD) emerged as the dominant approach in the early 1950s in many Third World countries, especially in Asia and Latin America. 6. Rural development is a topic that is pretty easy to understand but hard to implement. Why it is important 26 3.2. Since independence, the government of Tanzania has proclaimed the development of the rural sector the cornerstone of the country's development strategy. PRA uses similar guidelines and tools to RRA but focuses on the stimulation of participation by local people. A number of approaches have been tried in Tanzania. A Principled Approach to Rural Digital Transformation. Rural Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India. Rural communities are disproportionally left behind when it comes to digital services, particularly in the fourth industrial revolution.
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